Aminoglycosides flip the switch on resistance

Aminoglycosides: activity and resistance.

Aminoglycosides are highly potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics with many desirable properties for the treatment of lifethreatening infections (28). Their history begins in 1944 with streptomycin and was thereafter marked by the successive introduction of a series of milestone compounds (kanamycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin) which definitively established the usefulness of this class of antibiot...

Hypothalamic microRNAs flip the switch for fertility

Reproduction, in mammals, is finely regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) and driven, by a complex neural network within the hypothalamus that converges onto GnRH-producing neurons, the master regulators of gonadotropin secretion [1]. The correct development of the GnRH system as well as a finely programmed postnatal increase in GnRH production and secretion are essential f...

How to Flip the (Redox) Switch

Redox-sensitive transcription factors such as the E. coli OxyR and S. cerevisiae Yap1, are activated by conformational changes that stem from the post-translational modification of reactive protein thiols. Recent studies provide new insights on how different agents that cause redox stress mediate the activation of transcription through distinct and specific pathways.

FLIP the Switch: Regulation of Apoptosis and Necroptosis by cFLIP

cFLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein) is structurally related to caspase-8 but lacks proteolytic activity due to multiple amino acid substitutions of catalytically important residues. cFLIP protein is evolutionarily conserved and expressed as three functionally different isoforms in humans (cFLIPL, cFLIPS, and cFLIPR). cFLIP controls not only the classical death receptor-mediated extri...

Aminoglycosides: perspectives on mechanisms of action and resistance and strategies to counter resistance.